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Ulex europaeus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Ulex

furze, gorse, whin

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs to 6–20 dm tall.

Stems: Young branches usually terminating in a spine, younger parts somewhat glaucous and gray to reddish brown hirsute to tomentose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves modified into phyllodes; seedling leaves compound (trifoliate). Alternate. Phyllodes usually spine–tipped, 4–14 mm long, in older plants replaced by green phyllodes. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers papilionaceous, bracteoles 2, immediately below the flower. Calyx yellow, 12–16(–20) mm long, bilabiate, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip 3-toothed, densely villous, persistent. Corolla yellow, 15–20 mm long, persistent, wings distinct at apex, keel petals obtuse, curved upward. Stamens 10, connate into a tube. Ovary superior; ovules several.

Fruit: Pods 11–20 mm long; 6–8 mm wide; slightly compressed; densely villous; pubescent; scarcely exserted from calyx; dehiscent. Seeds 1–4; brownish green; reniform; with a collar-like rim–aril.

Ploidy: 2n = 64; 96

Habitat: In pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 760–2,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 760-2,N0 m and perhaps higher, on Maui and Hawai'i.
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on Maui in 1910
  • Native to western Europe, cultivated as a hedge and fodder plant, widely naturalized;

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 241 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:715 (M, H); Conant 1996:1 (Mo); Penniman et al. 2011 (Mo†, 2006)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
2 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
3 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
4 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
5 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
6 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
7 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
8 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
9 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
10 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
11 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
12 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
13 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
14 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
15 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
16 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
17 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
18 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
19 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
20 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
21 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
22 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
23 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
24 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
25 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
26 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
27 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
28 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
29 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
30 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
31 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
32 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
33 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
34 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
35 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
36 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
37 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
38 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
39 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
40 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
41 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
42 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
43 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
44 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
45 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
46 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
47 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
48 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
49 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
50 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
51 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
52 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
53 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
54 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
55 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
56 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
57 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
58 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
59 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
60 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
61 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
62 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
63 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
64 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
65 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
66 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
67 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
68 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
69 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
70 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
71 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
72 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
73 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
74 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
75 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
76 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
77 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
78 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
79 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
80 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
81 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
82 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
83 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
84 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
85 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
86 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
87 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
88 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
89 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
90 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
91 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
92 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
93 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
94 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
95 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
96 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
97 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
98 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
99 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
100 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
101 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
102 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
103 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
104 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
105 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
106 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
107 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
108 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
109 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
110 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
111 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
112 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
113 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
114 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
115 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
116 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
117 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
118 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
119 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
120 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
121 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
122 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
123 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
124 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
125 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
126 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
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